final Analyzer createAnalyzer(String className, Version matchVersion) throws Exception {
  final Class clazz = Class.forName(className).asSubclass(Analyzer.class);
  try {
    // first try to use a ctor with version parameter (needed for many new Analyzers that have no default one anymore
    return clazz.getConstructor(Version.class).newInstance(matchVersion);
  } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
    // otherwise use default ctor
    return clazz.newInstance();
  }
}

public class TestRamUsage {

  private final String name;
  private TestRamUsage tru;
  
  public TestRamUsage( String name ){
    this.name = name;
  }
  
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    RamUsageEstimator rue = new RamUsageEstimator();

    TestRamUsage mike = new TestRamUsage( "Mike" );
    System.out.println( "size of mike = " + rue.estimateRamUsage( mike ) );

    TestRamUsage christian = new TestRamUsage( "Christian" );
    System.out.println( "size of christian = " + rue.estimateRamUsage( christian ) );
    
    mike.tru = christian;
    System.out.println( "size of mike = " + rue.estimateRamUsage( mike ) );
  }

}

size of mike = 16
size of christian = 16
size of mike = 32

size of mike = 64
size of christian = 74
size of mike = 138

public class TestIndexableBinaryStringTools {

  static Directory dir = new RAMDirectory();
  static Analyzer analyzer = new WhitespaceAnalyzer();
  
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    makeIndex();
    searchIndex();
  }

  static void makeIndex() throws IOException {
    IndexWriter writer = new IndexWriter( dir, analyzer, true, MaxFieldLength.LIMITED );
    for( int i = 0; i < 3; i++ ){
      Document doc = new Document();
      doc.add( new Field( "id", Integer.toString( i ), Store.YES, Index.ANALYZED ) );
      doc.add( new Field( "data", bytes2String( new byte[]{ (byte)i } ), Store.YES, Index.NOT_ANALYZED ) );
      writer.addDocument( doc );
    }
    writer.close();
  }
  
  static String bytes2String( byte[] data ){
    CharBuffer charBuffer = IndexableBinaryStringTools.encode( ByteBuffer.wrap( data ) );
    return new String( charBuffer.array() );
  }
  
  static void searchIndex() throws IOException {
    IndexSearcher searcher = new IndexSearcher( dir );
    Query query = new TermQuery( new Term( "data", bytes2String( new byte[]{ 2 }) ) );
    TopDocs docs = searcher.search( query, 10 );
    for( ScoreDoc scoreDoc : docs.scoreDocs ){
      Document doc = searcher.doc( scoreDoc.doc );
      System.out.println( "id = " + doc.get( "id" ) );
      System.out.println( "data = " + string2Bytes( doc.get( "data" ) )[0] );
    }
    searcher.close();
  }
  
  static byte[] string2Bytes( String s ){
    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = IndexableBinaryStringTools.decode( CharBuffer.wrap( s.toCharArray() ) );
    return byteBuffer.array();
  }
}